What does thermal conductivity measure in insulation materials?

Thermal conductivity measures how well a material conducts heat. This property is crucial when evaluating insulation materials because it directly impacts their effectiveness in preventing heat transfer. Insulation materials with low thermal conductivity are desired because they resist the flow of heat, keeping spaces warm in winter and cool in summer. Understanding thermal conductivity enables engineers and contractors to select appropriate insulation based on the thermal requirements of a building or system, ensuring energy efficiency and comfort.

The concept of thermal conductivity is distinct from other properties such as electrical resistance, moisture resistance, or physical durability, which address different characteristics of materials rather than their ability to insulate against heat transfer.